Effects of a One-Year Multicomponent Exercise Program on Community-Dwelling Older Adults at Risk of Sarcopenic Obesity

Abstract

Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine the effects of a one-year multicomponent exercise training (MCET) program on the physical function and cardiovascular risk factors of community-dwelling older adults at risk of sarcopenic obesity. Methods: Data of 78 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults at risk of sarcopenic obesity, identified as the simultaneous presence of probable sarcopenia and overweight, were examined. The MCET program was performed twice a week over one year. Physical performance evaluations included (i) a timed “up-and-go” (TUG), (ii) one-leg stand, (iii) walking speed (WS) at normal pace and fast pace, (iv) a 5-time sit-to-stand (5STS) test, and (v) isometric handgrip strength (IHG). Cardiovascular risk factors involved blood pressure (BP) values and waist-to-hip ratio. Results: Significant improvements in balance and WS at a normal pace were observed following the MCET program, while no changes were noted in other physical performance markers. Additionally, a significant reduction in diastolic BP was recorded. Conclusions: Findings indicated significant improvements in mobility and balance, as well as a notable reduction in diastolic BP, among community-dwelling older adults at risk of sarcopenic obesity following a one-year MCET program. These improvements may play a critical role in reducing the risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, disability, cardiovascular events, hospitalization, and mortality. However, the quasi-experimental design of the present study, the absence of a control group, and other methodological limitations restrict the generalizability of the results. Future research using more rigorous study designs is necessary to confirm and expand upon these findings.