La derrota de la paz. Historia interminable del conflicto palestino-israelí

Abstract

En este artículo analizamos las múltiples causas -remotas y más recientes-, así como la diversa naturaleza de estas, del multisecular conflicto entre palestinos e israelíes. Somos conscientes de la imposibilidad de encontrar respuestas racionales a episodios de tanta barbarie engendrada; pero también es inevitables buscarlas. Así, pues, tendremos que desplazarnos en el tiempo a casi 4000 años antes de nuestros días para, atendiendo a los textos del Antiguo Testamento, conocer el origen de los continuos enfrentamientos entre los dos pueblos, el hebreo y el palestino, como consecuencia de interpretaciones contrarias a la "propiedad" de la Tierra Prometida. Las decisiones políticas, en función de los intereses coloniales, económicos y geoestratégicos, principalmente, -a los que no son ajenas las motivaciones de carácter religioso- contribuyeron al nacimiento del Estado de Israel. A partir de ahí, se reavivó la llama que ha desembocado en un fuego, difícil de extinguir, que se transforma en tragedia humana y que alimenta un odio costoso de superar. La solución es compleja, y la voluntad para encontrarla, por ambas partes, de dudosa probabilidad. Parece que, según la opinión generalizada, la creación de un Estado palestino, libre e independiente , sin injerencias de Israel, ayudaría a poner fin al conflicto. Pero, realmente ¿es esto posible en un futuro cercano?

In this article, we analyze the multiple causes of the multi-secular conflict between Palestinians and Israelis. Although we are aware of the impossibility of finding rational responses to episodes of such barbarity, it is also inevitable to look for them . In this context, we will have to travel back in time 4000 years before our days to have a look at the texts of the Old Testament and know the origins of the continuous clashes between the Hebrew and the Palestinian population due to a different interpretarion about the "ownership" of the Promised Land. After an attempt of Jewish emancipation and assimilation during the French Revolution and the Illustration, the escalation of violence against Jewish communities in Europe in the 19th century is translated into persecution, isolation and massacres. This atrocious anti-Semitism that leads to the birth of Zionism, which would establish the foundations for the creation of a "national home" for the Jewish people. The political decisions, based on colonial, economic and geo-strategic intererests, mainly, -to whom religious motivations are not alien- contributed to the birth of the State of Israel. From that moment, the flmae was rekindled has led to a fire, that is difficult to extinguish, which has been transformed into a human tragedy and that feeds a hatred that will be difficult to overcome. The solution is complex, and the will to find it, on both sides, is doubtful. It seems that, according to widespread opinion, the creation of a Palestinian State, free and independent, without interference from Israel, would help end the conflict. However, is this really possible in the near future?